Understanding Public Perception Toward Antimicrobials And Vaccines In Aquaculture

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Understanding Public Perception Toward Antimicrobials and Vaccines in Aquaculture

Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic organisms, is a key player in global food security, producing over 94 million tons of seafood annually, which accounts for more than half of all aquatic animal production worldwide. As the industry grows, it faces significant challenges, such as disease outbreaks and the misuse of antibiotics, which pose risks to both public health and the environment. Diseases are responsible for up to 10% of farmed aquatic animal loss, costing over USD 6 billion every year. A major concern is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), where the overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture contributes to the development of bacteria resistant to treatment, making diseases harder to control.

In Malaysia, the use of antibiotics in aquaculture is prevalent, driven by a lack of awareness and weak regulations. However, vaccines, which help prevent diseases and reduce reliance on antibiotics, are an underutilized alternative. Studies show that while vaccines can reduce the spread of disease and limit antibiotic use, public awareness about their benefits in aquaculture remains low.

Interestingly, our recent study, supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, revealed a growing public concern about AMR and its potential impact on human health in Malaysia. The study found that, while 70% of respondents supported sustainable aquaculture practices, only 33% were aware of the use of vaccines in aquaculture. Interestingly, younger respondents (18-30 years) showed less awareness compared to older individuals, who were more likely to support vaccination in aquaculture. The COVID-19 pandemic has also influenced public perceptions, with COVID-19 health messaging contributing to the increased awareness about vaccines.

The study also pointed out that higher-income individuals were more likely to be familiar with AMR and vaccines, suggesting that socioeconomic factors play a significant role in shaping public attitudes toward sustainable aquaculture practices. The research underscores the need for targeted public education campaigns to bridge knowledge gaps, particularly among younger, lower-income individuals, to foster a broader understanding and acceptance of vaccines in aquaculture.